This chapter looks at the different ways in which Spain and Italy are dealing with irregular migration, especially by means of the implementation of Directive 2008/115, the so-called Returns Directive, which was adopted by the European Parliament and Council at the end of 2008.
Suggested citation: Diego Acosta, ‘Migration and Borders in the European Union: The Implementation of the Returns Directive on Irregular Migrants in Spain and Italy’ in R. Zapata (ed.), Shaping the Normative Contours of the European Union: a Migration-Border Framework (Cidob Foundation Edition, Barcelona, 2010), pp. 81-95.
